The 1920s, often heralded as the ‘Roaring Twenties,’ were not just a time of dramatic social and cultural change, but also a golden era for the burgeoning art of cinema. As the world danced to the tunes of jazz and Charleston, the silver screen flickered with the first blush of Hollywood’s glamour and the daring inventiveness of international filmmakers. This was a decade where the language of film was crafted, with silent epics and slapstick comedies capturing the imaginations of millions.
In this article, we will dive into the celluloid treasures of the era, exploring my personal top 10 favorite films from the 1920s—each a mosaic piece of cinematic history, reflecting the innovation and spirit of its time. From the haunting German Expressionism to the grandeur of American silent spectacles, these films are timeless classics that continue to inspire awe and wonder nearly a century later.
10. Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed (1928)
“Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed” (The Adventures of Prince Achmed), released in 1928, stands as an awe-inspiring pinnacle of silent film artistry, a work that continues to mesmerize with its pioneering spirit and visual poetry. Directed by the illustrious Lotte Reiniger, it is celebrated as the oldest surviving animated feature film and a crowning achievement of silhouette animation. Crafted with exquisite detail, each frame of this enchanting film is a testament to Reiniger’s innovation, patience, and unparalleled skill.
The film unfolds as a tapestry of legends brought to life, drawing from the rich well of “The Arabian Nights” to tell the fantastical tale of Prince Achmed and his magical adventures. Reiniger’s distinctive technique—manipulating cutouts of cardboard and thin sheets of lead under a camera—creates a fluid and captivating world that is both ethereal and precise. Every movement, from the flutter of a magical horse’s wings to the delicate gestures of the characters, is rendered with a balletic grace that transcends the medium’s limitations.
The visual splendor of Reiniger’s work is matched by the film’s pioneering use of multiplane camera techniques, which imbue the narrative with depth and complexity. The intricate backdrops and the layered action showcase a mastery of storytelling that has influenced countless animators and filmmakers. “Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed” is not just a historical curiosity; it is a vibrant, living piece of art that continues to speak to the boundless possibilities of imagination and the enduring power of visual storytelling. In appreciating this masterpiece, we honor the legacy of a filmmaker whose vision transcended the silent era to echo through the annals of film history.
9. Häxan (1926)
“Häxan” (1926), directed by the visionary Danish filmmaker Benjamin Christensen, remains a cinematic enigma that defies the conventions of its time, even as it nears a century since its release. This audacious silent film, subtitled “Witchcraft Through the Ages,” is both a historical document and a work of artistic bravado, presenting a surreal and stylized study of witchcraft, demonology, and superstition as seen through the lens of the 1920s.
Christensen’s film is an intoxicating blend of dramatization, documentary-style narration, and avant-garde visuals that transport the audience into the eerie world of the occult. “Häxan” sweeps us through the Middle Ages to the early modern period, dissecting the hysteria around witchcraft with a modernist skepticism that was profoundly ahead of its time. It’s a provocative portrayal that oscillates between sympathetic understanding and a macabre fascination with its subject matter.
The film’s groundbreaking visual effects are a haunting spectacle, with Christensen himself donning the grotesque makeup of the devil, presiding over nightmarish scenes that have etched themselves into the collective memory of filmgoers. The use of stop-motion animation, forced perspective, and innovative lighting techniques creates a phantasmagoric ambiance that has rarely been matched in the history of cinema.
Moreover, “Häxan” is an important cultural artifact that reflects the anxieties and social dynamics of the 1920s, a period where the clash between science and superstition mirrored the film’s own tension between historical reenactment and contemporary commentary. It is a film that invites contemplation on the nature of belief and the dark chapters of human history where fear and ignorance led to tragedy.
“Häxan” has place in the annals of film history—as a daring, unsettling, and profoundly creative work that continues to challenge and fascinate viewers with its bold storytelling and its nightmarish vision of the human psyche’s depths.
8. Nanook of the North (1922)
“Nanook of the North” (1922), directed by Robert J. Flaherty, stands as a monumental work in the annals of documentary filmmaking. Often cited as the first feature-length documentary, this silent film chronicles the life of an Inuk man named Nanook and his family in the Canadian Arctic, presenting their daily struggles and triumphs with a stark, yet respectful, reverence.
Flaherty’s work is pioneering in its intimate portrayal of its subjects. The film brought the lives of the Inuit people to audiences who had never seen anything beyond their own towns and cities, much less the frozen expanses of the Arctic. “Nanook of the North” is a remarkable achievement that combines the observational nature of documentary with the narrative pull of epic storytelling, creating a work that is both educational and deeply moving.
The appreciation for “Nanook of the North” also lies in its cinematographic craftsmanship. Flaherty’s patient lens captures the vast, unforgiving landscape of the Arctic with a lyrical beauty that contrasts with the warmth and ingenuity of the Inuit people. The film’s visual storytelling is compelling, focusing on the minute details of Nanook’s resourcefulness, from hunting seals to building igloos, revealing a way of life that harmonizes with the environment.
While modern viewers must reckon with the film’s ethnographic limitations and staged sequences, which reflect the filmmaker’s influence and the era’s attitudes, “Nanook of the North” endures as a testament to human resilience and adaptability. The film does not merely document; it immortalizes the spirit of Nanook and his world, making them universal and timeless.
One must acknowledge the role of “Nanook of the North” in shaping the documentary form, but also the profound impact it had on visual culture. It remains an essential cinematic experience, inviting reflection on the relationship between the filmmaker, subject, and audience, and the ways in which we perceive and portray the myriad lives that make up the human story.
7. Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens (1922)
“Nosferatu” (1922), directed by F. W. Murnau, stands as an imperishable masterpiece in the realm of horror cinema and silent film. An unauthorized adaptation of Bram Stoker’s “Dracula,” this German Expressionist film transcends its source material to become a work of haunting originality and profound influence. Its central figure, Count Orlok, portrayed by the enigmatic Max Schreck, remains one of the most iconic images of cinematic terror.
Murnau’s film is a triumph of atmosphere, a chilling essay in the power of shadows and suggestion. The director employs a stark, contrast-rich visual palette to craft a sense of creeping dread that is as psychological as it is aesthetic. The use of real locations adds a layer of authenticity to the gothic tale, grounding the supernatural horror in a world that is recognizably our own.
The appreciation of “Nosferatu” also lies in its groundbreaking visual effects, which were innovative for their time. From the eerie use of negative footage to the chilling stop-motion animation that brings Orlok’s ship to a ghostly halt, the film pushes the boundaries of what silent cinema was thought capable of, imbuing the narrative with a surreal quality that has rarely been replicated.
Schreck’s performance as Count Orlok is nothing short of iconic. His portrayal—cadaverous and spectral—eschews the suave charm often associated with vampires, presenting instead a creature that is as pitiable as it is terrifying. The image of Orlok’s silhouette creeping up a staircase has become a universal shorthand for the uncanny, a testament to the film’s enduring legacy.
The lasting impact of “Nosferatu” on both the horror genre and the visual language of cinema is immeasurable. The film’s influence can be seen in everything from the chiaroscuro of film noir to the thematic explorations of isolation and plague. In appreciating “Nosferatu,” we not only honor a key work of the silent era but also acknowledge the film’s role in shaping the collective nightmares of generations, proving that true horror lies not in the seen, but the unseen, and that sometimes the most enduring stories are those whispered in the dark.
6. The Gold Rush (1925)
“The Gold Rush” (1925) is a film that stands as a testament to the genius of Charlie Chaplin, who not only starred as the iconic Tramp but also directed, wrote, and produced this silent masterpiece. Set against the backdrop of the Klondike Gold Rush, Chaplin’s film is a seamless blend of comedy and pathos—an alchemy that has become his trademark.
Chaplin’s Tramp, with his bumbling charm and unwavering optimism, provides a heartwarming narrative that resonates with the universal human experience. The film’s comedy ranges from the brilliantly subtle to the delightfully absurd, including the famous scene where the Tramp, driven by hunger, eats his own shoe—a moment that is both hilarious and deeply poignant.
The film is also a marvel of silent era ingenuity with its creative special effects, particularly the innovative use of miniatures and in-camera trickery to create the illusion of the Tramp teetering on the edge of a cliff or the cabin balancing precariously on a cliffside. These moments of peril are both thrilling and infused with comedic brilliance, showcasing Chaplin’s ability to transform slapstick scenarios into something deeply human and relatable.
“The Gold Rush” is appreciated not just for its entertainment value but also for its ambitious scope and technical achievements. It is a film that has influenced countless comedians and filmmakers with its perfect pacing, expressive physicality, and the ineffable charm of its lead character. The Tramp’s quest for love and fortune is a microcosm of the American Dream, reflecting the aspirations and struggles of the era’s audience.
In celebrating “The Gold Rush,” we recognize a cinematic experience that is timeless in its appeal. Chaplin’s masterful fusion of humor and sentiment, as well as his commentary on the human condition, makes the film a rewarding exploration of the silent era’s potential to convey deep emotion without a single spoken word. It remains a touchstone in the history of film, a delightful journey that reminds us why the magic of Chaplin’s craft continues to shine across the decades.
5. Steamboat Bill Jr. (1928)
“Steamboat Bill, Jr.” (1928), starring the incomparable Buster Keaton, is a cornerstone of silent film comedy, showcasing Keaton’s stoic charm and his astonishing gift for physical comedy and stunt work. As both the lead actor and co-director, Keaton brings to life the story of a young man trying to prove himself to his stern steamboat captain father in a tale brimming with humor, heart, and a touch of romance.
Keaton’s performance is the epitome of his ‘Great Stone Face’ persona, where the humor derives not from exaggerated expressions but from a stoic composure amidst chaos. His physicality is poetry in motion, with each gag and pratfall meticulously timed and executed with the precision of a ballet dancer. The stunts are real and dangerous, particularly the iconic scene where the facade of a house falls around him—a moment that is as heart-stopping today as it was nearly a century ago.
The film is also a technical marvel of the silent era, with innovative special effects and camera work that enhance the storytelling without overshadowing the characters. Keaton’s use of the camera to support his physical comedy—such as through the clever framing of stunts—demonstrates an understanding of the medium that was far ahead of its time.
Appreciating “Steamboat Bill, Jr.” is to acknowledge the film’s role in the pantheon of great silent comedies, a piece that encapsulates the end of an era and the pinnacle of Keaton’s artistic expression. The film’s balance of slapstick, situational comedy, and character-driven humor creates a universally enjoyable experience that transcends the limitations of the silent screen.
In a time when the silent era was giving way to the talkies, “Steamboat Bill, Jr.” stands as a bittersweet swan song of silent cinema. It is a testament to Buster Keaton’s enduring legacy as one of the greatest comic minds and filmmakers, whose work continues to inspire awe for its daring, creativity, and timelessness.
4. Safety Last! (1924)
“Safety Last!” (1924) is a thrilling exemplar of silent film comedy, immortalizing Harold Lloyd—one of the silent era’s “Big Three” comedians, alongside Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton. In this film, Lloyd’s everyman character, with his trademark round glasses and eager smile, epitomizes the optimistic underdog, striving to succeed in the bustling urban landscape of 1920s America.
The film is perhaps best known for its iconic scene where Lloyd dangles perilously from the hands of a towering clock high above the bustling city streets—a moment that has become one of the most enduring images in all of cinema. This breathtaking stunt is emblematic of the film’s blend of humor and suspense, and it masterfully encapsulates the aspirations and anxieties of a modernizing society.
Lloyd’s performance in “Safety Last!” is a masterclass in physical comedy and timing. His onscreen persona—the bespectacled, straw-hat-wearing “boy” battling adversity with pluck and determination—is as endearing as it is relatable. The film’s stunts are performed with such genuine risk and precision that they elicit both laughter and gasps of disbelief, ensuring that audiences remain on the edge of their seats.
The film is also a technical triumph, utilizing camera angles and tricks to enhance the illusion of height and danger without sacrificing the clarity of its comic storytelling. Each frame is meticulously crafted to support the escalating hilarity and thrills, a testament to the collaborative genius of Lloyd and his frequent director, Fred C. Newmeyer.
Appreciating “Safety Last!” goes beyond its status as an iconic stunt-driven spectacle; it is also a celebration of the human spirit. Lloyd’s character embodies the audacious dreams of the everyman, and his climb up the building mirrors the social climb many aspired to during the roaring ’20s. It’s a narrative that resonated deeply with contemporary audiences and continues to inspire today.
Lloyd’s contributions to the art of silent comedy are enshrined in this film, a work that stands as a monument to his talent and to the enduring appeal of silent cinema. “Safety Last!” is not just a relic of a bygone era but a living piece of art that continues to capture the imagination, reflecting the timeless allure of visual storytelling and the universal pursuit of success against the odds.
3. The General (1927)
“The General” (1927) is a crowning achievement in the silent era of filmmaking and a testament to the genius of its star and co-director, Buster Keaton. Set during the American Civil War, this cinematic gem blends comedy, action, and romance in a way that few films have managed since. Keaton, known for his stoic expression and masterful physicality, delivers a performance that is both subtle and expressive, encapsulating the spirit of a man whose love for his train, “The General,” is as profound as that for his sweetheart Annabelle Lee.
Keaton’s portrayal of Johnnie Gray highlights his unique comedic style—one that is understated yet filled with a resilience and resourcefulness that endears audiences to his character. His signature deadpan visage serves as the perfect foil to the chaos that ensues, allowing for a comedic effect that is pure, timeless, and universally relatable.The film’s action sequences are nothing short of remarkable. Keaton performs his own stunts with such daring and grace that they remain breathtaking even by today’s standards. The authenticity of “The General’s” locomotive chases and the precision of its physical gags are a testament to Keaton’s commitment to his craft. The iconic scene of a locomotive crashing through a burning bridge is not only a highlight of the film but stands as one of the most memorable moments in all of cinema history.
“The General” is also a technical marvel, with Keaton and his team employing innovative camera work and practical effects to create a visually compelling narrative. The film’s use of real locomotives and meticulous attention to historical detail lends it an air of authenticity that deepens the audience’s immersion into the story.
“The General” was initially a commercial failure, which has fortunately since been reevaluated by history. Today, it is celebrated for its artistry and innovation, recognized as a masterpiece of silent filmmaking and one of the greatest comedies ever made. It showcases Buster Keaton’s unwavering vision and his ability to marry risk-taking with a narrative charm that is both engaging and endearing.
In honoring “The General,” we not only celebrate a pivotal work in Buster Keaton’s oeuvre but also a landmark in the evolution of cinema—a film that continues to inspire laughter and awe with its timeless humor, thrilling action, and the poignant humanity at its core.
2. Sherlock Jr. (1924)
In “Sherlock Jr.,” Keaton plays a film projectionist who dreams himself into the role of a detective—a storyline that allows for a playful exploration of the medium of film and the nature of reality and fantasy. The seamless transitions between the protagonist’s humdrum existence and his imagined grandeur as a master sleuth are executed with such finesse that they remain a marvel of cinematic artistry.
Keaton’s physical comedy is at its peak in “Sherlock Jr.,” with a series of stunts and gags that are breathtaking in their audacity and precision. His ability to convey humor through his body language, without the need for exaggerated facial expressions, creates a universal comedic language that transcends time and cultural barriers. The film’s most iconic sequence—a chase involving a motorcycle with Keaton hanging on for dear life—is a dazzling display of coordination and comic timing.
Keaton’s use of camera tricks, in-camera effects, and editing to achieve astonishing feats—such as characters jumping through the screen or vanishing into thin air—demonstrates a deep understanding of and fascination with the filmmaking process. The film plays with the audience’s sense of perception in a way that is both entertaining and intellectually stimulating.
“Sherlock Jr.” is a film that was ahead of its time, hinting at the possibilities of the medium and the surreal storytelling that would later be explored by future filmmakers. It is a testament to Keaton’s vision and his relentless pursuit of artistic excellence. The film not only provides a masterclass in silent comedy and filmmaking technique but also serves as a love letter to the art of cinema itself.
“Sherlock Jr.” encapsulates the magic of movies—a film that delights in its own creation and invites audiences to revel in the wonder and laughter that cinema can evoke. Buster Keaton’s masterpiece is a timeless treasure that continues to enchant and inspire, reminding us of the limitless potential of the moving image.
1. Das Cabinet des Dr. Kaligari (1920)
“Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari” (1920) stands as one of the most influential films ever made, a silent horror masterpiece that has become synonymous with the German Expressionist movement. Directed by Robert Wiene and written by Hans Janowitz and Carl Mayer, this haunting narrative is a dark exploration of the human psyche, manipulation, and the blurred lines between sanity and madness.
The film’s plot revolves around the mysterious Dr. Caligari and his somnambulist, Cesare, who becomes an instrument of murder. The narrative’s structure, with its frame story and unreliable perspectives, broke new cinematic ground and introduced audiences to the concept of the twist ending, reshaping narrative storytelling in film.
“Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari” is also a visual tour de force. Its highly stylized sets, characterized by distorted shapes, sharp angles, and exaggerated shadows, create an eerie, dreamlike world that perfectly externalizes the inner turmoil and distorted reality of its characters. The set design, with its painted shadows and forced perspectives, eschews realism in favor of a more symbolic and psychological approach, influencing generations of filmmakers in the horror genre and beyond.
The film is also a testament to the power of makeup and costume design in silent cinema. Cesare’s haunting appearance, with his dark, hollow eyes and somnambulist’s attire, is instantly iconic and contributes significantly to the film’s unsettling atmosphere.
The performances, particularly Werner Krauss as Dr. Caligari and Conrad Veidt as Cesare, are both compelling and unnerving, capturing the essence of characters who are both enigmatic and terrifying. Their physicality and facial expressions convey a depth of emotion and menace that transcends the absence of spoken dialogue.
Appreciating “Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari” is to recognize its place at the vanguard of avant-garde cinema, inspiring not only the horror genre but also film noir, art cinema, and the development of visual storytelling. Its influence can be seen in the works of Alfred Hitchcock, Tim Burton, David Lynch, and countless others who have been drawn to its dark themes and expressionistic style.
More than a century after its release, “Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari” remains a powerful and unsettling cinematic experience, a film that challenges viewers and rewards them with its artistic boldness and innovation. It is a cornerstone of film history, a mesmerizing piece that continues to captivate, inspire, and provoke.
Conclusion
The 1920s was a decade of remarkable innovation and creativity in cinema, a period where filmmakers were not only discovering the power of the medium but also experimenting with it to create works of art that would stand the test of time. The films listed in this article represent a cross-section of the era’s most influential and enduring contributions, each a masterpiece in its own right.
From the haunting expressionism of “Das Cabinet des Dr. Caligari” to the comedic genius of Buster Keaton in “The General” and the technical marvel that is “Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed,” these films showcase a range of genres, styles, and artistic visions. They invite us to witness the birth of narrative and visual techniques that would shape the future of filmmaking, proving that the silent era was anything but quiet.
As we reflect on these cinematic treasures, it is evident that the 1920s was a time of fearless exploration and profound achievement in film. These top 10 favorite films are not only personal selections but also historical milestones that continue to influence and inspire contemporary cinema. They remind us that the language of film is universal and timeless, capable of transcending barriers and resonating with audiences nearly a century later.
The legacy of the 1920s in film is one of boundless imagination and bold storytelling — a legacy that will continue to be celebrated, studied, and enjoyed by film lovers and scholars alike. As we move forward in the ever-evolving landscape of cinema, let us not forget the foundations laid by these pioneering works, which continue to offer insight, entertainment, and artistic brilliance.
